<aside> <img src="/icons/light-bulb_gray.svg" alt="/icons/light-bulb_gray.svg" width="40px" /> From this lesson, you must know…

  1. What are the achievements and legacy of the Qin Dynasty?
  2. What do the political and philosophical achievements of Classical China reveal about culture and beliefs?
  3. What are the achievements and legacy of the Han Dynasty? </aside>

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This lecture has been combined with Chinese Philosophy.

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Timeline

The Qin Dynasty, which was founded after the Warring States Period in 221 BCE, marked a significant era in Chinese history. During this time, the dynasty implemented several reforms such as standardizing weights and measures, as well as building the Great Wall of China. However, the dynasty was short-lived and collapsed in 206 BCE, leading to the rise of the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty, which lasted for over 400 years, was marked by a period of prosperity and stability.

The Qing Dynasty (221 BCE-206 BCE)

Unification of China

During the Warring States Period, which lasted from 475 BC to 221 BC, China was divided into numerous states that were in constant conflict with each other. It was during this period that Qin Shi Huang, also known as Shi Huangdi, emerged as a powerful ruler. Through a series of conquests and alliances, he was able to unify all of China, bringing an end to the Warring States Period and establishing the Qin dynasty.

Consolidation of Power

In order to consolidate his power, Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, worked closely with his prime minister, Li Si. Together, they implemented sweeping reforms that eliminated feudal lords and centralized political control. This allowed the emperor to more effectively govern the empire and standardize administrative procedures.

Legalism

During Qin's reign, he banned Confucianism as he believed it would limit his power. In order to maintain his authority, he adopted Legalism, which emphasized strict adherence to laws and regulations. This led to a significant shift in his rule towards a more authoritarian style of governance. In order to solidify his control, Confucian scholars were buried alive and books were burned.

Achievements

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As the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang implemented many reforms and policies that transformed the country, including standardizing the writing system, building a network of roads and canals, and constructing the Great Wall of China.

Shi Huangdi ordered the wall to be built to provide a barrier between the Chinese and the northern invaders such as the Mongols and Xiongnu.

The Terracotta Army: Qin Shi Huang’s Tomb

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP5p4QbvPtc

Collapse of the Qin Dynasty

Following Shi Huang's death in 210 BCE, his son Qin Er Shi faced the daunting task of maintaining the empire amid increasing rebellion and infighting. Despite his efforts, the situation only worsened over time, and the empire was eventually toppled by Liu Bang in 206 BCE.

The Han Dynasty (206 BCE-581 CE)

The Han Dynasty - established by Liu Bang - ushered in a long period of peace and stability. During this time, the Silk Road was established which led to an increase in trade and cultural exchange between China and other countries. The Han Dynasty also made significant contributions in the field of science and technology, with major advancements in areas such as astronomy, medicine, and engineering.

Confucianist Government