The Hundred Years War had several effects, including:

1. Shifting power dynamics: The war led to a decline in feudalism and an increase in the power of centralized monarchies.
2. Technological advancements: The conflict spurred developments in military technology, such as the use of longbows and cannons.
3. Nationalism: The war fostered a sense of national identity and patriotism in both England and France.
4. Economic consequences: The prolonged conflict caused significant economic strain on both countries.
5. Social and cultural changes: The war resulted in population decline, loss of life, and social upheaval.

The main parties involved in the Hundred Years War were England and France. However, it also involved various allies and regions within these countries, such as Burgundy and Scotland, who supported different sides at different times during the war.

Joan of Arc

Joan of Arc, also known as Jeanne d'Arc, was a French peasant girl who played a significant role in the Hundred Years War. She claimed to have received divine guidance and led the French army to several important victories against the English during the war. Joan of Arc was eventually captured by the English, accused of heresy, and burned at the stake in 1431. She is considered a national heroine of France and a symbol of French unity and resilience.